Pugu Hills Forest Reserve officially known as Pugu/Kazimzumbwi Nature Forest Reserve (Msitu wa Akiba Pungu in Swahili), is a protected area situated in the Kisarawe ward of Kisarawe District in the Pwani Region of Tanzania. This forest bordered the Pugu ward of Ilala Municipal Council to the east and is adjacent to the Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserve. Together with Kazimzumbwi, Pugu Forest- previously referred to as Mogo Forest- forms part of one of the oldest forest ecosystems in the world. The reserve is distinguished by its rich biodiversity, featuring a wide array of endemic animals and plant species that contribute to its ecological significance
The reserve, covering an area of 22 square kilomates, extends over a vast hilly landscape located southwest of Dar es Salaam, with the nearest inhabited area being Kisarawe. The forest is recognized for its high biodiversity value with spectacular flora and fauna. As a result of such rich biodiversity, a number of tourist attractions are found in the reserve.
These include a closed forest full of various plant species, giant bamboo stands, lake Minaki, bat caves, Dar Es Salaam City viewpoints, worshiping sites, ritual sites, the endemic Mpugupugu tree from which the reserve got its name; colobus monkeys and millipedes. The reserve also lies the source of the Msimbazi River, which flows into the Indian Ocean near Dar es Salaam. The area’s vegetation is predominantly evergreen, nourished by the frequent and plentiful rainfall experienced throughout much of the year. Notably, the reserve is home to one of the largest kaolinite deposits in the world, adding to its geological significance.
The Pugu Hills Forest Reserve is a rich ecological haven, formerly home to the Kaolinite mines that have since become roosting sites for various bat colonies. It boasts an impressive 14 endemic plants, along with two endemic mammal species and one endemic bird species.
The diverse wildlife in this area includes a variety of fascinating species such as dik-diks, common warthogs, African leopards, elephant shrews, mongooses, civets, galagos, side-striped jackals, black-backed jackals, and baboons. Additionally, the forest is home to alligators and colobus monkeys, alongside an impressive bird population consisting of over 80 bird species.
Historically, lions roamed the reserve, although there have been no sightings reported in recent years. the forest also features natural and man-made caves that support significant colonies of bats, including horseshoe bats, and Tanzanian woolly tomb bats, further enriching the ecological diversity of this remarkable area.
Bird species
Bird species found in Pugu Hills Forest Reserve include Forest Weaver, Green-backed Camaroptera, Yellow-bellied Greenbul, Green Malkoha, Purple-banded Sunbird, Palm-Nut Vulture, Trumpeter Hornbill, Yellow Bishop, Rattling Cisticola, Eastern Nicator, Emerald-spotted Wood-Dove, African Paradise-Flycatcher, Bronze Manikin, Black-Baked Puffback, Gray-headed Kingfisher, Pied Kingfisher, Red-backed Scrub-Robin, Zanzibar Boubou, Zanzibar Red Bishop, Livingstone Turaco and many more.
Tourist activities to do in Pugu Hills Forest Reserve
Hiking
Hiking in the Pugu Hills Forest Reserve is a popular activity that offers stunning views of nature, ideal for photography and outdoor enjoyment. Hiking safaris in Pugu Hills Forest Reserve are done in two main viewpoints such as Msolo Hill Peak and Kinyanuiko View Tower, located just 1.3 km from Minaki Dam. These viewpoints provide breathtaking views of the Pugu forest and the city of Dar es Salaam.
At an elevation of 277 meters above sea level, the slope is accessible via a well-maintained path, making it easier for hikers to explore. From Msolo Hill Peak, visitors can enjoy the panoramic views of significant landmarks in Dar es Salaam including Posta, the international airport, Mawasiliano Tower, the TAZARA Railway, and Kinyerez Power Station.
Additionally, this location serves as a training ground for those preparing to climb Mount Kilimanjaro, making it a popular spot for both experience and adventure among nature lovers.
Walking Safaris
Pugu Hills Forest Reserve is an excellent destination for walking safaris, offering visitors the chance to explore the stunning natural attractions along the scenic trail. The hikes typically last about three hours, although the duration may vary depending on the fitness levels of the visitors. There are knowledgeable tour guides for giving information and escorting visitors.
Bird watching
Pugu Hills Forest Reserve is home to a wide range of endemic and rare bird species. There is a tour guide who is knowledgeable in birds and they direct people or visitors to the area of bird watching. The areas are rich in birds such as kinyanyiko-bat cave, Bronze Manikin, Black-Baked Puffback, Gray-headed Kingfisher, Pied Kingfisher, Red-backed Scrub-Robin, Zanzibar Boubou, Zanzibar Red Bishop, Livingstone Turaco and many more. During your birdwatching tours, you will have the chance to see and hear these beautiful birds and sounds. The best time for bird watching is in the early morning.
Camping and Born Fire
Pugu Hills Forest Reserve offers several campsites for an enjoyable camping experience. There are luxury tents available in various sizes to accommodate groups of 1-2, 2-5, people, and more than 5 people. During night camping, you will have the chance to enjoy bonfires and barbecues, making for memorable evenings under the stars. These activities enhance the adventure in the beautiful Pugu Hills Forest Reserve.
Canoeing
While Pugu Hills Forest Reserve may not be known for traditional water activities, nearby rivers, and lakes offer excellent canoeing opportunities. Paddling through the calm waters allows you to connect with nature while exploring the scenic surroundings. This activity is perfect for groups or families, offering the chance to observe wildlife along the water’s edge, making it a memorable adventure.
Sport fishing
Pugu Hills Forest Reserve is home to permanent natural dams including the Minaki Dam. The dam plays a crucial role in supporting the ecosystem. This dam provides essential water sources for a variety of living organisms in the forest and for stabilizing the functioning of the ecosystem. The dam has a length of 1.2km and a width of 8-12M and there are two types of fish kambare and peerage which allow fishing activities or sport fishing by using hook. The visitors are allowed to fish by catching it and allow it to go or to eat inside the reserve but he/she is not allowed to go outside with it.
Worshiping
The tranquil environment of Pugu Hills Forest Reserve makes it an ideal location for worship and reflection. Many visitors find peace in the stillness of the forest, allowing for personal moments of spiritual growth.
Research and training
Pugu Hills Forest Reserve is one of the best areas for conducting field research and training on ecology and ecological evolution for coastal forest vegetation and lowland forest ecosystems. Therefore, there is a lot to be studied including research on the evolution of coastal forest ecosystems, plants, small animals, birds, reptiles, and other lower-class living organisms like invertebrates and amphibians.
Getting to Pugu Hills Forest Reserve
Pugu/kazimzumbwi Nature Forest Reserve can be reached via a paved road just 12 km from the center of Dar Es Salaam City
